1. 希腊字母
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \(\alpha,\Alpha\) | \alpha,\Alpha |
| \(\beta,\Beta\) | \beta,\Beta |
| \(\gamma,\Gamma\) | \gamma,\Gamma |
| \(\delta,\Delta\) | \delta,\Delta |
| \(\epsilon,\Epsilon\) | \epsilon,\Epsilon |
| \(\zeta,\Zeta\) | \zeta,\Zeta |
| \(\eta,\Eta\) | \eta,\Eta |
| \(\theta,\Theta\) | \theta,\Theta |
| \(\iota,\Iota\) | \iota,\Iota |
| \(\kappa,\Kappa\) | \kappa,\Kappa |
| \(\lambda,\Lambda\) | \lambda,\Lambda |
| \(\mu,\Mu\) | \mu,\Mu |
| \(\nu,\Nu\) | \nu,\Nu |
| \(\xi,\Xi\) | \xi,\Xi |
| \(\omicron,\Omicron\) | \omicron,\Omicron |
| \(\pi,\Pi\) | \pi,\Pi |
| \(\rho,\Rho\) | \rho,\Rho |
| \(\sigma,\Sigma\) | \sigma,\Sigma |
| \(\tau,\Tau\) | \tau,\Tau |
| \(\upsilon,\upsilon\) | \upsilon,\upsilon |
| \(\phi,\Phi\) | \phi,\Phi |
| \(\chi,\Chi\) | \chi,\Chi |
| \(\psi,\Psi\) | \psi,\Psi |
| \(\omega,\Omega\) | \omega,\Omega |
| \(\varepsilon\) | \varepsilon |
| \(\vartheta\) | \vartheta |
| \(\varkappa\) | \varkappa |
| \(\varpi\) | \varpi |
| \(\varrho\) | \varrho |
| \(\varsigma\) | \varsigma |
| \(\varphi\) | \varphi |
| \(\digamma\) | \digamma |
将公式的首字母改为大写即可表示大写的希腊字母，例如，\Gamma表示\(\Gamma\) ；带 \var 前缀的是扩展的小写希腊字母，为同一字母的不同书写形式
有一些符号博客里面无法正常显示
2. 常用二元关系符
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \(\lt\) | < or \lt |
| \(\le\) | \le or \leq |
| \(\leqslant\) | \leqslant |
| \(\gt\) | > or |
| \(\ge\) | \ge or \geq |
| \(\geqslant\) | \geqslant |
| \(\gg\) | \gg |
| \(\ll\) | \ll |
| \(=\) | = |
| \(\neq\) | \neq or \ne |
| \(\equiv\) | \equiv |
| \(\mid\) | \mid |
| \(\nmid\) | \nmid |
| \(\approx\) | \approx |
| \(\sim\) | \sim |
| \(\cong\) | \cong |
| \(\in\) | \in |
| \(\notin\) | \notin |
| \(\ni\) | \ni |
| \(\subset\) | \subset |
| \(\supset\) | \supset |
| \(\subseteq\) | \subseteq |
| \(\supseteq\) | \supseteq |
可以在上述命令的前面加上 \not 来得到其否定形式，例如，\not \equiv表示\(\not \equiv\)
3. 常用二元运算符
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \(+\) | + |
| \(-\) | - |
| \(\times\) | \times |
| \(\div\) | \div |
| \(\setminus\) | \setminus |
| \(\pm\) | \pm |
| \(\mp\) | \mp |
| \(\cdot\) | \* or \cdot |
| \(*\) | * or \ast |
| \(\star\) | \star |
| \(\bullet\) | \bullet |
| \(\circ\) | \circ |
| \(\diamond\) | \diamond |
| \(\oplus\) | \oplus |
| \(\ominus\) | \ominus |
| \(\otimes\) | \otimes |
| \(\oslash\) | \oslash |
| \(\odot\) | \odot |
| \(\vee\) | \vee |
| \(\wedge\) | \wedge |
| \(\cup\) | \cup |
| \(\cap\) | \cap |
在代码首字母前加big可以得到加大版的符号，例如，\bigoplus表示\(\bigoplus\)
4. 箭头
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \(\leftarrow\) | \leftarrow or \gets |
| \(\rightarrow\) | or |
| \(\leftrightarrow\) | \leftrightarrow |
| \(\uparrow\) | \uparrow |
| \(\downarrow\) | \downarrow |
| \(\updownarrow\) | \updownarrow |
| \(\rightharpoonup\) | \rightharpoonup |
| \(\rightharpoondown\) | \rightharpoondown |
| \(\leftharpoonup\) | \leftharpoonup |
| \(\leftharpoondown\) | \leftharpoondown |
| \(\upharpoonright\) | \upharpoonright |
| \(\downharpoonright\) | \downharpoonright |
| \(\upharpoonleft\) | \upharpoonleft |
| \(\downharpoonleft\) | \downharpoonleft |
| \(\nearrow\) | \nearrow |
| \(\searrow\) | \searrow |
| \(\swarrow\) | \swarrow |
| \(\nwarrow\) | \nwarrow |
| \(\rightleftharpoons\) | \rightleftharpoons |
| \(\leftrightsquigarrow\) | \leftrightsquigarrow |
在某些代码首字母前加long可以得到加长版的符号，例如，\longleftarrow表示\(\longleftarrow\)
在某些代码首字母前加n可以得到否定形式的符号，例如，\nleftarrow表示\(\nleftarrow\)
当首字母大写时可以得到就有两横的箭头，例如，\Leftarrow表示\(\Leftarrow\)，该规则适用于加long的符号时，第一个首字母大写，例如，\Longleftarrow表示\(\Longleftarrow\)，适用于加n的符号时，第二个字母需要大写。例如，\nLeftarrow表示\(\nLeftarrow\)
在逻辑推理中，推荐用 \implies 表示\(\implies\)；推荐用 \impliedby 表示\(\impliedby\)；推荐用 \iff 表示\(\iff\)；因为符号两边会比单纯的箭头符多留出一点空白
5. 定界符
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \((\) | ( |
| \()\) | ) |
| \([\) | [ or \lbrack |
| \(]\) | ] or \rbrack |
| \(\lfloor\) | \lfloor |
| \(\rfloor\) | \rfloor |
| \(\lceil\) | \lceil |
| \(\rceil\) | \rceil |
| \(\{\) | \{ or \lbrace |
| \(\}\) | \} or \rbrace |
| \(\langle\) | |
| \(\rangle\) | \rangle |
| \(/\) | / |
| \(\backslash\) | \backslash |
| \(|\) | \| or \vert |
| \(\|~\) | \\ |
定界符可成对使用 \left 和 \right 命令（中间的定界符还可配合用 \middle 命令修饰），这种方式的优点是可实现按需要自动改变大小，例如，可以用y = \left \{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 \\ 2 \end{array} \right .来表示
\[ y = \left \{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 \\ 2 \end{array} \right . \]
6. 其它符号
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \(\spadesuit\) | \spadesuit |
| \(\heartsuit\) | \heartsuit |
| \(\clubsuit\) | \clubsuit |
| \(\diamondsuit\) | \diamondsuit |
| \(\bigstar\) | \bigstar |
| \(\oint\) | \oint |
| \(\int\) | \int |
| \(\iint\) | \iint |
| \(\iiint\) | \iiint |
| \(\iiiint\) | \iiiint |
| \(\partial\) | \partial |
| \(\nabla\) | \nabla |
| \(\because\) | \because |
| \(\therefore\) | \therefore |
| \(\ldots\) | \ldots |
| \(\cdots\) | \cdots |
| \(\vdots\) | \vdots |
| \(\ddots\) | \ddots |
| \(\infty\) | \infty |
| \(\propto\) | \propto |
| \(\hbar\) | \hbar |
| \(\imath\) | \imath |
| \(\jmath\) | \jmath |
| \(\ell\) | \ell |
| \(\Re\) | \Re |
| \(\Im\) | \Im |
| \(\aleph\) | \aleph |
| \(\wp\) | \wp |
| \(\forall\) | \forall |
| \(\exists\) | \exists |
| \(\lnot\) | \lnot |
| \(\lor\) | \lor |
| \(\land\) | \land |
| \(\varnothing\) | \varnothing |
| \(\odot\) | \odot |
| \(\square\) | \square |
| \(\triangle\) | \triangle |
| \(\parallel\) | \parallel |
| \(\nparallel\) | \nparallel |
| \(\perp\) | \perp |
| \(\angle\) | \angle |
| \(\measuredangle\) | \measuredangle |
| \(\sphericalangle\) | \sphericalangle |
| \(\mathbb{R}\) | \mathbb{R} |
| \(\mathbf{R}\) | \mathbf{R} |
| \(\mathrm{R}\) | \mathrm{R} |
| \(\operatorname{R}\) | \operatorname{R} |
| \(\boldsymbol{R}\) | \boldsymbol{R} |
| \(\text{R}\) | \text{R} |
| （空格） | \quad |
| \(\color{red}{text}\) | \color{red}{text} |
7. 常用数学结构
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \(\frac{abc}{xyz}\) | \frac{abc}{xyz} |
| \(f'\) | f' |
| \(\sqrt{abc}\) | \sqrt{abc} |
| \(\sqrt[n]{abc}\) | \sqrt[n]{abc} |
| \(\overline{abc}\) | \overline{abc} |
| \(\underline{abc}\) | \underline{abc} |
| \(\widehat{abc}\) | \widehat{abc} |
| \(\widetilde{abc}\) | \widetilde{abc} |
| \(\overrightarrow{abc}\) | \overrightarrow{abc} |
| \(\overleftarrow{abc}\) | \overleftarrow{abc} |
| \(\overbrace{abc}^d\) | \overbrace{abc}^d |
| \(\underbrace{abc}_d\) | \underbrace{abc}_d |
| \(\vec{a}\) | \vec{a} |
| $ _{n=1}^N a_n$ | \sum_{n=1}^N a_n |
| \(\prod_{n=1}^N a_n\) | \prod_{n=1}^N a_n |
| \(y = \left \{ \begin{array}{ll}0 & ,x \leq 0 \\ 1 & ,x > 0\end{array} \right .\) | y = \left \{ \begin{array}{ll}0 & ,x \leq 0 \\ 1 & ,x > 0\end{array} \right . |
8. 常用矩阵结构
| 符号 | 代码 |
|---|---|
| \(\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{matrix}\) | \begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{matrix} |
| \(\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{pmatrix}\) | \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{pmatrix} |
| \(\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{bmatrix}\) | \begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{bmatrix} |
| \(\begin{Bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{Bmatrix}\) | \begin{Bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{Bmatrix} |
| \(\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{vmatrix}\) | \begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{vmatrix} |
| \(\begin{Vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{Vmatrix}\) | \begin{Vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{Vmatrix} |
) $ | \left ( \begin{array}{c\|c:c} a & b & c \\ \hline d & e & f \\ \hdashline g & h & i\end{array} \right ) | | \(\begin{pmatrix} a & \cdots & b \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ c & \cdots & d\end{pmatrix}\) | \begin{pmatrix} a & \cdots & b \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ c & \cdots & d\end{pmatrix} |
9. 标准数学函数
数学函数一般用直立的Roman体排印，而普通字母一般用Italic字体（上表中左边是函数名，右边是命令代码），所以，需在其对应函数名（注意区分大小写）前加上\，否则渲染成就如同右侧的斜体效果（这是不正确的！）。
例如这是 sin 和 \sin 的对比：\(sin\) 和 \(\sin\)
更多需要加 \ 的函数包括
arccos, cos, csc, exp, ker, limsup, min, sinh, arcsin, cosh, deg, gcd, lg, ln, Pr, sup, arctan, cot, det, hom, lim, log, sec, tan, arg, coth, dim, inf, liminf, max, sin, tanh, mod
如果没有对应的数学函数写法，可以使用 \mathrm 变成数学函数形式
10. reference
https://kexue.fm/latex.html
https://bbs.emath.ac.cn/thread-5237-1-1.html
https://www.emath.ac.cn/download/doc/mathTeX.pdf
https://bbs.pinggu.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=4173999
